date +%s | sha256sum | base64 | head -c 32 ; echo
date +%s : will print the system date and time in seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
sha256sum : will compute the SHA256 message digest of the time in seconds we produced before
base64 : will encode the previous data and print them to standard output
head -c 32 : will print the first 32 characters of the previous data
; echo : is used to create a new line at the end of the results
The following commands will allow you extract various information from the full path of a file.
Part of the information is the filename, the file extension, the file base and the directory it is located in.
# Truncate the longest match of */ from the beginning of the string
filename="${fullpath##*/}";
# Get the sub-string from the start (position 0) to the position where the filename starts
directory="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}";
# Strip shortest match of . plus at least one non-dot char from end of the filename
base="${filename%.[^.]*}";
# Get the sub-string from length of base to end of filename
extension="${filename:${#base} + 1}";
# If we have an extension and no base, it means we do not really have an extension but only a base
if [[ -z "$base" && -n "$extension" ]]; then
base=".$extension";
extension="";
fi
echo -e "Original:\t'$fullpath':\n\tdirectory:\t'$directory'\n\tfilename:\t'$filename'\n\tbase name:\t'$base'\n\textension:\t'$extension'"
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The following method, removes the last character from a bash variable by using a regular expression that matches any character.
VAR=${VAR%?};
The functionality ${string%substring} deletes shortest match of $substring from the back of $string.
The question mark ? matches zero or one of the previous regular expression. It is generally used for matching single characters.
So by using ? as our $substring we instruct bash to match any character at the end of the variable and remove it.
$ VAR="Banana";
$ VAR=${VAR%?};
$ echo $VAR;
Banan
