Recently, we were trying to update a WordPress installation that was running under apache in a CentOS 7. When we would press the lovely blue button to update WordPress we would get the following error:
The update cannot be installed because we will be unable to copy some files. This is usually due to inconsistent file permissions.: wp-admin/includes/update-core.php
Installation Failed
At first we thought it was an issue with the privileges on the folder, so we did the following steps to fix the issue:
Find which user is controlling apache server:
We executed the following command to get the name of the local user that was handling the apache web server:
ps -ef | grep apache;
From which, we got the following results:
apache 7289 8523 1 10:35 ? 00:00:03 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7293 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:02 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7316 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7317 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7335 8523 1 10:35 ? 00:00:03 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7347 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7348 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7349 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7350 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 7351 8523 0 10:35 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root 8071 7978 0 10:40 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto apache
The first column is the name of the user, so we found out that apache local user is the user executing the apache web server.
Repair all file and folder access rights:
After getting the above information we proceeded to update the access rights in our WordPress installation folder (/var/www/example.com)
find /var/www/example.com -type d -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;
find /var/www/example.com -type f -exec chmod 644 '{}' \;
chown -R apache:apache /var/www/example.com;
To our disappointment, nothing changed and we would still get the same error. Luckily enough we had another ace in our sleeve!
Checking the security context of each file and folder:
We executed the following command (ls -Z) to get the security context of the files and folders in the installation folder of WordPress:
ls -Z /var/www/example.com;
Where we got the following results:
drwxr-xr-x. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 api -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 favicon.ico -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 index.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 license.txt -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 readme.html -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 r-file.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wordfence-waf.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-activate.php drwxr-xr-x. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-admin -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-blog-header.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-comments-post.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-config.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-config-sample.php drwxr-xr-x. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_rw_content_t:s0 wp-content -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-cron.php drwxr-xr-x. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-includes -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-links-opml.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-load.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-login.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-mail.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-settings.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-signup.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 wp-trackback.php -rw-r--r--. apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 xmlrpc.php
What we got from this result: all files and folders marked with the httpd_sys_content_t are not directly editable by the apache web server even though the user has the rights to do so as it is a security step by SELinux.
httpd_sys_content_t
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_confined_services/sect-managing_confined_services-the_apache_http_server-types
Use this type for static web content, such as.htmlfiles used by a static website. Files labeled with this type are accessible (read only) tohttpdand scripts executed byhttpd. By default, files and directories labeled with this type cannot be written to or modified byhttpdor other processes. Note that by default, files created in or copied into/var/www/html/are labeled with thehttpd_sys_content_ttype.
The simple solution
We just changed the security context for the folders and files to httpd_sys_rw_content_t which allows apache web server to edit the files:
httpd_sys_rw_content_t
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_confined_services/sect-managing_confined_services-the_apache_http_server-types
Files labeled with this type can be written to by scripts labeled with thehttpd_sys_script_exec_ttype, but cannot be modified by scripts labeled with any other type. You must use thehttpd_sys_rw_content_ttype to label files that will be read from and written to by scripts labeled with thehttpd_sys_script_exec_ttype.
chcon -R --type httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/example.com;
After this command finished, we updated WordPress as normal!
(In case you want to change the security context back to the original just execute chcon with httpd_sys_content_t as parameter on the folders and files you want to operate as read-only).
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